суббота, 23 ноября 2013 г.

Топик - Travelling.

Топик Travelling.

Modern life is impossible without travelling. True, we often get tired of the same surroundings and daily routine. Hence some relaxation is essential to restore our mental and physical resources. That is why the best place of relaxation, in my opinion, is the one where you have never been before. And it is by means of travelling that you get to that place.

To understand how true it is you’ve got to go to a railway station, a sea or a river port or an airport. There you are most likely to see hundreds of people hurrying to board a train, a ship or a plane.
To be on the safe side and to spare yourself the trouble of standing long hours in the line, you’d better book tickets in advance. All you have to do is to ring up the airport or the railway station bookin office and they will send your ticket to your place. And, of course, before getting off you have to make your preparations. You should settle all your business and visit your friends and relatives. On the eve of your departure comes you call a taxi and go to the airport or the railway station.

For some time you stay in the waiting-room. If you are hungry you take some refreshments. In some time the loud speaker announces that the train or the plane is in and the passengers are invited to take their seats. If you travel by train you find your carriage, enter the corridor and find your berth. It may be a lower berth, which is more convenient or an upper one. You put your suitcase into a special box under the lower seat. Then you arrange your smaller packages on the racks. In some the train starts off. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see the country you are travelling through and enjoy the beautiful nature. It may be an express train or a passenger one. There is no doubt it’s much more convenient to travel by an express train, because it does not stop at small stations and it takes you less time to get to your destination.
But if you are in a hurry and want to save your time you’d better travel by plane, because it is the fastest way of travelling. After the procedure of registration you board the plane at last. You sit down in comfortable armchair and in a few minutes you are already above the clouds. The land can be seen below between the clouds and it looks like a geographical map. After the plane gained its regular height the stewardess brings in some mineral water. You can sit and read a book or a magazine, look through the window to watch the passing clouds change their color from white to black.

Some people prefer to travel by ship when possible. A sea voyage is very enjoyable, indeed. But to my mind the best way of travelling is by car. The advantages of this way of spending your holiday are that you don’t have to buy a ticket, you can stop wherever you wish, where there is something interesting to see. And for this reason travelling by car is popular for pleasure trips while people usually take a train or a plane when they are travelling on business.
When you get tired of relaxation, you become home-sick and feel like returning home. You realize that “East or West – home is best”, as the saying goes.

Список слов к топику Travelling
surrounding – окрестности, среда
routine – определенный режим, заведенный порядок, рутина
hence – отсюда, итак
relaxation – отдых от работы, передышка, уменьшение напряжения, развлечение
to be essential – быть необходимым
to restore – восстанавливать, возмещать, возрождать
railway station – железнодорожный вокзал
airport – аэропорт
to board a train (ship, etc.) – сесть на поезд (корабль и т.д.)
train – поезд
ship – корабль, судно, пароход
plane – самолет
to be on the safe side – на всякий случай
to spare oneself the trouble of – избавить себя от хлопот
to stand in the line – стоять в очереди
in advance – заблаговременно
to make one’s preparations – готовиться, делать приготовления
to settle one’s business – утрясать дела
on the eve – накануне
to pack – укладывать вещи, паковаться
suitcase – чемодан
departure – отъезд, отправление
waiting-room – зал ожидания
to announce – сообщать
passenger – пассажир
carriage – вагон
berth – место (для лежания)
package – пакет, сверток
rack – сетка
destination – место назначения; цель (путешествия)
to be in a hurry – спешить, торопиться
procedure – процедура
height – высота
for this reason – по этой причине
to become home-sick – скучать по дому
to feel like returning home – хотеть вернуться домой

Supplementary Word List and Word Combinations
Travelling by Train. Путешествие поездом.
a railway ticket, railroad ticket – железнодорожный билет
one-way ticket, single ticket – билет в один конец
return ticket – обратный билет
round trip ticket – билет туда и обратно
ticket machine – автомат по продаже билетов
reduced fare ticket – льготный билет
child’s ticket – детский билет
first class ticket – билет в первом классе
adult fare – стоимость билета для взрослого
child fare – стоимость детского билета
single fare -  стоимость одного билета
to get in line for a ticket – становиться в очередь за билетом
to buy ticket in advance – купить билет заранее
fare – плата за проезд
carriage, car – вагон
smoking car – вагон для курящих
luggage-van – грузовой вагон
car for non-smokers – вагон для некурящих
sleeping car – спальный вагон
dining-car, restaurant car – вагон-ресторан
cancellation – возврат билета
train station, railroad station, railway station – вокзал (железнодорожный)
arrivals and departures board, time-table
board – доска расписаний
train times – расписание движения поездов
ticket office – билетная касса
compartment – купе
ticket collector – контролер
change of trains, transfer – пересадка
to change trains – делать пересадку
to go by train – ехать на поезде
to catch the train – успеть на поезд
to miss the train – опоздать на поезд
train schedule – расписание движения поездов
porter, red cap (am.) – носильщик
track – путь, колея
fast train – скорый поезд
slow train – обычный почтово-пассажирский поезд
passenger train – пассажирский поезд
long distance train (a sleep train) – поезд дальнего следования
local train – пригородный поезд
through train – поезд прямого сообщения

Travelling by Plane. Путешествие на самолете.
pilot – пилот, летчик
mechanic – борт-механик
cockpit – место летчика в кабине
stewardess, flight attendant – бортпроводник(ца)
call button – кнопка вызова бортпроводника(цы)
excess luggage – лишний вес
to pay for excess luggage – платить за лишний вес
airline – воздушная линия
to take-off – взлетать
altitude – высота
window seat – место у иллюминатора
aisle seat – место у прохода
flight – полет
non-stop flight – беспосадочный полет
boarding – посадка (на самолет)
landing – посадка, приземление
unscheduled stop – вынужденная посадка
boarding pass – посадочный талон
check-in – регистрация пассажиров
check-in desk (counter) – стойка регистрации
domestic flight – рейс на внутренних линиях
direct flight – прямой рейс
shuttle flight – челночный рейс
seat belt – ремень безопасности
to fasten a seat belt – застегнуть ремень безопасности
air sickness – воздушной болезнью
aircraft – авиация, самолет
to circle over the airfield – кружить над посадочным полем аэродрома
to taxi over the airfield – рулить, выруливать на старт
scheduled flight – рейс по расписанию
delayed fight – рейс с опозданием

A Sea Voyage. Морское путешествие.
quay – причал, набережная (для причала судов)
to moor – пришвартовывать(ся), стать на якорь
gangway – трап
deck – палуба
steward – стюард, дежурный по каютам
forward – носовая часть судна
aft – кормовая часть судна
amid ship – середина судна
harbor – порт, гавань
dock – причал
pitch – килевая качка
roll – бортовая качка
to be sea-sick – страдать морской болезнью
to be bad (good) sailor – плохо (хорошо) переносить морские путешествия
to weigh anchor – отходить, сниматься с якоря
captain’s bridge – капитанский мостик
steerage – закрытая палуба
lounge – салон
captain – капитан (корабля)
mate – штурман, помощник капитана
lighthouse – маяк
hold – трюм
liner – рейсовый пароход
boat – лодка, пароход
sailing ship – парусное судно
river steamer – речной пароход
cargo-ship – грузовой корабль
steamer – пароход
life-boat – спасательная лодка
to change for a boat – пересесть на лодку (пароход)
anchor – якорь
to cast the anchor – бросать якорь
to raise the anchor – сниматься с якоря
to be (to lie) at anchor – стоять на якоре
crew – экипаж корабля
cruise – путешествие по морю (с целью отдыха и развлечения)
to take a cruise – совершать путешествие по морю

Luggage. Багаж.
a lot of (much) luggage – много багажа
hand luggage – ручной багаж
heavy luggage – тяжелый багаж
a left-luggage office – камера хранения
a luggage receipt – багажная квитанция
to leave one’s luggage in the left-luggage office – оставить вещи в камере хранения
to deposit one’s luggage – сдать на хранение багаж
to collect one’s luggage – взять багаж (из камеры хранения)
to register one’s luggage – сдать вещи в багаж
to have one’s luggage labeled – прикрепить ярлык
to have one’s luggage checked – проверить наличие мест, содержимое багажа
luggage rack – сетка для багажа
luggage van – багажный вагон
Lost and Found – бюро находок
luggage claim check – багажная бирка

Топик - Meals.

Топик Meals

The hospitality of the Ukrainian people is well-known throughout the world.

When a foreigner sets foot in Ukraine first he gets acquainted with our cookery – national dishes and meal-times. Frequently he gets to know that in this country they are nor the same as in his. But he has to do in Ukraine as the Ukrainians do.

The usual meals in Ukraine are breakfast, lunch, dinner and supper. Rest-homes, hospitals and other public establishments generally follow the former order of meals. But a number of Ukrainian families follow the latter order.

Breakfast is the first meal in the day. Lunch or luncheon is a light meal usually in the middle of the day.

Dinner is the chief and the most substantial meal. It isn’t served at a definite hour in our country. When it is in the middle of the day, the lighter evening meal is called supper.

Working people usually have a break for dinner at their place of employment. During the break they have either dinner or lunch.

In great many Ukrainian homes dinner is followed by a cup of tea with a slice of lemon, jam or home-made pastry.

If you have a special dinner, a housewarming party for example, you should know how to lay the table on such an occasion.

First you spread the table-cloth and put out table-mats to protect the table from the hot dishes: a tureen of soup, a bowl of hot vegetables, a platter of meat, a boat of sauce, etc. Then you take out of the drawer in the sideboard soup spoons for the soup, spoons for the sweet and all the cutlery – knives and forks, including a small knife for the butter, a small knife and fork for the hors d’oeuvres and a fruit knife for the dessert.

You should put the knives and the soup spoon on the right-hand side and the fork on the left, except the spoon for the sweet which you should put across the top. Then you put out the bread-board and a knife to cut the bread.

On the left of each guest you put a small plate for bread and on the right a wine-glass. Don’t forget to put out the table napkins for each guest and place several salt-cellars.

Once again have a look at the table and see if it is laid for each person. Then you are ready for the friends to come and don’t forget to put a bowl of beautiful flowers on the dinner table.

I remember my last receiving the guests. It was my birthday party. I had thought over the menu of that dinner-party before the guests came to my place. I began with hors d’oeuvres followed by a clear soup with meat pasties, the second course included chicken with rice and vegetables, salad and so on. Then ice-cream for the sweet, and fruit for dessert. And, of course, there was a nice cake with the candles lighted. What a lovely birthday party I have had!

Список слов к топику Meals.

hospitality – гостеприимство, радушие
a foreigner – иностранец
to set acquainted with – знакомиться, ознакамливаться
cookery – кулинария, стряпня
national dishes – национальные блюда
establishment – учреждения, заведение
substantial – существенный, важный, значительный
employment – работа, служба, занятие
home-made pastry – домашняя выпечка, домашние кондитерские изделия, пирожные
to lay the table – накрывать на стол
occasion – случай, возможность, событие
to spread – расстилать
to protect – защищать, ограждать
a tureen – супник, супница
a platter – деревянная тарелка
sauce – соус, приправа; гарнир из овощей
cutlery – ножевые изделия
hors d’oeuvre (snack) – закуска
for dessert – десерт, сладкое блюдо
a napkin – салфетка
a salt-cellar – солонка
receiving the guests – прием гостей
a menu – меню
a clear soup – бульон
a pasty, a pie – пирог
the second course – второе блюдо
a candle – свеча

to buy     meat at the butcher’s –покупать мясо в мясном магазине

sugar at the grocer’s – покупать сахар в бакалейном магазине

bread at the baker’s – покупать хлеб в булочной (хлебном магазине)

fish at the fishmonger’s – покупать рыбу в рыбном магазине

sweets at the confectionery  - покупать конфеты (сладости) в кондитерском магазине

fruit and vegetables at the greengrocer’s – покупать фрукты и овощи в овощном магазине

to buy food in the market – покупать пищу на рынке

vegetable stall – ларек с овощами

to haggle over the price of meat, fish, etc. (in the market) – торговаться на рынке

to do one’s cooking – готовить (пищу)